CalPERS staff nudges board to consider lower return rates

PensionsSACRAMENTO – There’s bad news coming down the pike for California municipalities following several days of board meetings for the nation’s largest state-based pension fund. Although no action has been taken, it’s clear the California Public Employees’ Retirement System, or CalPERS, might again lower its expected rate of returns on investments. That means cities and other member agencies would have to pay more to make up the shortfall.

A key moment, buried amid nearly 13 hours of recorded meetings, came when CalPERS’ Chief Investment Officer Ted Eliopoulos played a short interview video with Wall Street experts, including famed investor Warren Buffett, opining on the expected investment returns in coming years. One investment guru thought a 4 percent or 5 percent rate of return would be the objective. Buffett pointed to very slow growth in the economy.

Eliopoulos used a diagram showing a 30-year decline in interest rates, even as discount rates used by pension funds remained steady. CalPERS currently calculates its pension liabilities based on an expected return rate of 7.5 percent. Based on the data provided by CalPERS staff, it’s clear the agency would need to ramp up its risk taking to have any chance to continually meet such goals. In the past year, CalPERS’ return rate was 0.6 percent.

Longtime pension-reform advocate Daniel Pellissier, president of California Pension Reform in Sacramento, praised the CalPERS staff for its bout of truth telling, given that such predictions are not what the current system’s defenders want to hear. “I’d like to think they actually have a conscience and they understand the role they play,” he said. “What do you do when you’re facing flat returns for years ahead and liabilities are rising?”

The staff is “pushing the board to do the right thing,” Pellissier added. “Some board members are essentially saying to staff: Make me do the right thing.” The “right thing,” in Pellissier’s view, is to further reduce the expected return rates to more closely match market performance. He compares the situation to 1999, when CalPERS officials did not sound the alarm bells about the looming costs that would follow SB400, the law that led to 15 years of statewide retroactive pension increases and that still plagues the system to this day.

At least one CalPERS board member complained about the cost of reducing the discount rate. There’s no doubt that doing so means that California cities will face costly spikes in their payments. But in reality, the costs are already there. State and local governments have already made pension promises to public employees. The courts have consistently enforced the so-called “California Rule,” which stops agencies from lowering benefits for current employees, even going forward.

The question, according to reformers like Pellissier, is how forthright state officials will be in accounting for the size of the pension-related debt. Few dispute the essential point: Governments have undercharged municipalities for the cost of pension benefits, possibly for decades. They have to keep those promises. The “unfunded pension liability” is essentially the debt – the difference between what’s promised and the available funds.

In the private sector, employees typically receive defined-contribution plans, generally 401(k)-style benefits. The employee contributes a certain percentage into a fund. Sometimes the employer matches a portion of the contribution. The money is invested in mutual funds. When the market does well, the employee reaps the benefits. When it does poorly, the employee endures the downside. The employee uses whatever is in the fund for retirement. There are no “liabilities.”

The government pension plans that CalPERS manages are an entirely different animal. Agencies make benefit promises to employees based on a formula. For instance, most public-safety officials (police, fire, prison guards) in California receive “3 percent at 50.” That means they retire with 3 percent of their final years’ pay times the number of years worked, available at age 50 – plus myriad pension “enhancements” added at the end of the career. That level — 90 percent or more of final pay — is guaranteed, no matter what.

This explains the heated debate over investment-return predictions. If the market does well, there are fewer forecast debts. If it does poorly, those liabilities soar. Because taxpayers are pledged to backfill any shortfalls, it’s a highly political issue. Additionally, critics note that the CalPERS board is dominated by union officials whose members benefit from painting as rosy a scenario as possible about the future investment performance.

Union officials argue the system is fine and that, despite recent poor performance, CalPERS does well over time. Returns have been terrible since 2014, but outperformed predictions between 2009 and 2013. But even the CalPERS staff’s presentation suggests it’s unrealistic to bank on continuing 7.5 percent return rates in the current market.

As Pensions & Investments reported, “Andrew Junkin, president of Wilshire Consulting, the pension fund’s general investment consultant, told the committee its firm estimates the pension fund’s annualized investment return over the next decade will be 6.2 percent, down 90 basis points from the 10-year forecast Wilshire made a year ago of 7.1 percent.” The publication noted that CalPERS could vote on a rate reduction in February.

Pension-reform advocates aren’t the only ones raising the ghost of SB400 in the current context. “It’s time to put SB400, the 1999 California legislation that changed benefits for public workers, behind us,” argued CalPERS board members Richard Costigan, Dana Hollinger and Bill Slaton in a September column. “That bill … was a product of its time. Retirement security is too important today to get caught in a debate about the past. When SB400 became law, CalPERS was 137 percent funded.”

They vowed to examine the situation in light of the current, tougher economic climate. The staff presentation at the recent Board of Administration meetings suggest those words were more than public relations. Top CalPERS officials seem to recognize the size of the looming problem. The real test will come in December committee meetings and at the next board confab. But it’s increasingly likely that return predictions are headed downward.

Steven Greenhut is Western region director for the R Street Institute. Write to him at [email protected]

10 comments

Write a comment
  1. Bill 'Right Wing' Gore
    Bill 'Right Wing' Gore 22 November, 2016, 08:15

    Oh yeah baby.
    A good stiff cup of reality intrudes into California Public Employee pension la la Land.
    That old 8% Actuarial Rate of Return belongs in a museum with buggy whips and solid one ounce silver dollars. When that falls you will see 2 things:1) massive reduction in benefits for current retirees as the ponzi scheme collapses 2)the final gasping end of the defined benefit pension for public service, along with all the other attendant charades, such as DROP plans….Oh, and don’t look for a federal bailout from the TRUMP administration. You folks made your bed, now ya got to lay in it.

    Reply this comment
  2. Ron
    Ron 22 November, 2016, 08:40

    It’s the inmates running the pension Asylum that are loading up system with lucrative packages for themselves.

    The international business world is intelligent enough to know that DEFINED BENEFITS are financial disasters to any business, thus all businesses focus on the known, i.e., defined CONTRIBUTIONS alone.

    Stealing from the young who silently shoulder the costs and bear the burden of unfunded promises of these programs to enrich the old seems to describe the Governments expansion of entitlement benefits and other government services, along with the taxes young people will have to pay to support them, mostly to subsidize older Americans.

    The inmates know that debt for our future generations buys votes. Over the decades, the proven “concept’ practiced by voters is to defer as much financial responsibilities as possible from our current financial responsibilities to future generations, that have no votes on the subject.

    Currently, it’s the future generations that will have the responsibilities to pay for the unsustainable pension programs, other boondoggle projects, and added inefficiencies built into our government. Simply stated, if we cannot afford it today, pass it off to the future generations to minimize any impact on our current lifestyles.

    Virtually all elected officials are heavily financed by unions which are focused on entitlements for their current members. Thus, no changes can be expected in the foreseeable future for elected officials to ever abandon their source of votes.

    It’s unfortunate that those future generations, unable to vote today, will bear the costs of many enacted entitlements and boondoggle projects.

    Reply this comment
  3. Sean
    Sean 22 November, 2016, 08:53

    And don’t forget the other little time bomb built into the pension system. As part of the pension reform agreements a few years back, employees and employers will be required to increase to their contributions into the pension system and the bulk of it really kicks in in 2019. The way it was structured, the employee’s increase in pension contribution will be relatively small as will the state’s but the employer’s contribution (local governments) will be quite large (~2/3 of the increase). So this planned increase in contributions to make up for a shortage of funding based on the old discount rate will be overlaid on the new lower discount rate. This will get ugly.

    Reply this comment
  4. Bill - San Jose
    Bill - San Jose 22 November, 2016, 11:51

    Paid at the right hourly rate but way, way, way overcompsenated for what most of us call the real world.

    Good games.

    Reply this comment
  5. bob
    bob 22 November, 2016, 14:22

    Mark my word, they will bleed the taxpayers white.

    And the taxpayers are idiots, anyway. They will let it happen.

    H#ll, they will even make it happen.

    Just look at all the local sales tax increases and bond measures that pass. The idiot voters vote for these and don’t realize the money is all for the pensions.

    Reply this comment
  6. WOW
    WOW 22 November, 2016, 15:00

    What did you expect from COMMIEFORNIA asylum of fruits and nuts? Stupid is, is what stpid does! The people will never wake up or learn until it’s to late.

    Reply this comment
    • Queeg
      Queeg 22 November, 2016, 21:29

      Comrades will feel in cost of living….sucking bucks out of the working poor is so cruel but necessary to fund pensions……who next?

      Reply this comment
  7. Ted Trumpsteaks
    Ted Trumpsteaks 23 November, 2016, 13:55

    300 Billion strong baby!!!!

    Reply this comment
    • ricky65
      ricky65 25 November, 2016, 09:30

      Not a lot of cash Teddy when the payout to retirees currently is over 20 billion a year.
      But I reckon it will last until you take your dirt nap and that’s really all you care about anyway.

      Reply this comment
  8. TB
    TB 23 November, 2016, 14:39

    More and more people are beginning to realize that Defined Benefit plans like public pensions are not sustainable, including the private sector which has more or less done away with them. Here is my solution to this looming crisis that is only going to get worse without any correction of course:

    https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B90sU3A85q46OE9BZHJFSWEzbGM/view?usp=drivesdk

    Please help spread the word…

    Reply this comment

Write a Comment

Leave a Reply



Steven Greenhut

Steven Greenhut

Steven Greenhut is CalWatchdog’s contributing editor. Greenhut was deputy editor and columnist for The Orange County Register for 11 years. He is author of the new book, “Plunder! How Public Employee Unions are Raiding Treasuries, Controlling Our Lives and Bankrupting the Nation.”

Related Articles

Lawmakers bow to pressure, abandon effort to fix property confiscation laws

Government agencies will continue to have the power to confiscate private property in California – without a criminal conviction –

Gun controllers fire volley of bills through Legislature

A new Harvard University study found that gun bans don’t lower the murder rate. That hasn’t prevented the California Legislature

VIDEO: John Allison — The Right Social and Economic Policies for Growth

Getting economic policy right is only part of the formula for long-term growth. The CATO Institute’s John Allison joins Brian